完型填空解析突破創(chuàng)新滿分妙招

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一. 完形填空傳統(tǒng)教學(xué)方法的誤區(qū)

大家都知道全國(guó)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化高考英語(yǔ)完形填空源于大學(xué)完形試題，是出題人故意刁難考生設(shè)下的重重陷阱試題之一，滿分30分。共20小題，每一組選項(xiàng)四個(gè)入選答案，主要考察動(dòng)詞，名詞，形容詞，副詞，介詞，連詞，每組選項(xiàng)的詞性相同，每組四個(gè)選項(xiàng)甚至至少兩個(gè)詞義相近。每小題1.5分，去掉聽力30分，在120分的筆試中，完形填空占據(jù)了，四分之一的分值。其目的當(dāng)然是為了符合“高考是選拔性考試”這一根本目標(biāo)，所以故意設(shè)計(jì)交叉陷阱，讓高生在此題拉開檔次，以便選拔英語(yǔ)人才，也就無(wú)可厚非了。但是在傳統(tǒng)教學(xué)方法中 ，絕大多數(shù)老師采取的方法都是：

1. 先看答案，然后邊翻譯，邊看每一個(gè)選項(xiàng)，給學(xué)生一個(gè)一個(gè)講為何選擇答案的原因，結(jié)果是：實(shí)際考試中這種方法耗費(fèi)時(shí)間，得出正確答案的準(zhǔn)確率非常低。因?yàn)槲覀儼l(fā)現(xiàn)許多老師也陷入了在每四個(gè)入選答案中，有兩個(gè)及其相似的答案無(wú)法選出正確的一個(gè)。

2. 名校學(xué)生與名校老師課堂引起爭(zhēng)議，甚至老師無(wú)所適從，無(wú)法解釋正確答案。

3. 學(xué)生苦練刷題，意圖提高完形解析能力，結(jié)果是：簡(jiǎn)單完形對(duì)一串；難題完形一錯(cuò)錯(cuò)一串，傷害自尊后，放棄完形，最后只能考場(chǎng)依靠運(yùn)氣得分。

我們看看完形填空鼓勵(lì)振奮學(xué)生之菜鳥基礎(chǔ)篇：

Christmas was near. A lady, a friend of the lady and a little girl were shopping in a large shopping center.

After a tiring morning of gift buying, the three 41to get a bite. They went to42in the center. They were 43 when a skinny and dirty boy came up and said to the lady,” Madam, I am hungry. Could you44 some coins for food? “Without a moment of45,the lady reached into her purse, took out a handful of coins and46 them in the boy’s hand. This47 didn’t take the little girl by surprise because she was 48to the lady’s acts of kindness, but the friend of the lady considered her foolish. “How can you be so 49?” she said.

Once they were seated, the fiend of the lady50telling the lady how she still considered her foolish. Then her criticism was 51by the same boy. He asked 52if the lady could give him a little more for a coke.

With a smile on her face, the lady got out of her seat, and53the boy to the food counter. There she 54him a large coke and some tasty food. Years later, this 55is still fresh in the little girl’s mind.

I’m that little girl. I don’t give 56children money when they ask for some. 57,I walked to the closest food place and buy them the whole meal. I’m afraid I don’t give them enough money for a coke and they might not have the 58to come back for more. These children should59those meals to a lady once considered foolish. I’m 60to call that lady “Mom”.

41 . A demanded B decided

C. managed D. promised

42. A. bank B. garage

C. bookshop D. cafeteria

43. A. turning up B. queuing up

C. breaking up D. joining up

44. A. spare B. lend

C. pass D. award

45. A. regret B. discomfort

C. disagreement D. hesitation

46. A. placed B. threw

C. counted D. pressed

47. A. gesture B. experience

C. action D. motivation

48. A. equal B. used

C. familiar D. devoted

49. A. reliable B. independent

C. peaceful D. trusting

50. A. continued B. admitted

C. delayed D. mentioned

51. A. resisted B. interrupted

C. ignored D. forbidden

52. A. patiently B. painfully

C. shyly D. wisely

53. A. accompanied B. sent

C. attracted D. dragged

54. A. made B. left

C. bought D. gave

55. A. view B. outline

C. impression D. scene

56. A. sad B. needy

C. brave D. honest

57. A. Besides B. However

C. Therefore D. Instead

58. A. pressure B. right

C. courage D. truth

59. A. owe B. show

C. return D. tend

60. A. eager B. willing

C. proud D. curious

這一篇完形是非常簡(jiǎn)單的，同學(xué)們能夠?qū)σ淮蟠?，用傳統(tǒng)思路解析很順暢，但是老師和同學(xué)們?nèi)匀怀霈F(xiàn)糾結(jié)的答案，例如：49，52小題，其中，49到底用reliable，還是trusting？52到底用shyly,還是patiently？他們都是近義詞，49兩個(gè)詞是可以依靠的，不過詞法基礎(chǔ)好，邏輯清晰的學(xué)生就可以做對(duì)了，選trusting。52就不好辦了，大家爭(zhēng)論起來，最后還是依靠后面文段中的courage，選出52應(yīng)該是shyly。但是也耽誤了考試時(shí)間，那邏輯基礎(chǔ)不好的呢？結(jié)果可想而知了。如果我們用解完形填空創(chuàng)新妙招72字真經(jīng)，這幾個(gè)菜鳥試題，幾乎不看選項(xiàng)就直接得出：49trusting 52 shyly。

為了證明我們?yōu)榇蠹曳瞰I(xiàn)創(chuàng)新完形解析方法的緊迫性，必然性，實(shí)效性，我們先看看高考真題的完形利用傳統(tǒng)完形解析方法的危害結(jié)果又是什么樣的呢？

The question of whether war is inevitable is one which has concerned many of the world’s great writers. Before 36 this question, it will be useful to introduce some 37 concepts. Conflict,38 as opposition among social units or individuals directed against one another, is 39 from competition, which 40 opposition among social units 41 seeking to obtain something which is 42 inadequate supply. Competitors may not know about one another, while those who 43 in a conflict do. Conflict and competition are both 44 of opposition. The meaning of opposition has been stated as a process by which social units function in the disservice of one another, opposition is 45 contrasted to cooperation, a 46 by which social units function in the service of one another. These 47 are necessary because it is important to emphasize that competition between individuals or groups is inevitable in a world of limited 48 , but conflict isn’t . Conflict, nevertheless, is very likely to occur and is probably an essential and desirable 49 of human societies.

Many authors have50 their arguments that war cannot be avoided on the idea that in the struggle for existence among groups of animals, only those which are best51remain alive. In general, however, this struggle in nature is competition, not conflict. Those who fail in this competition52 starve to death or are53 by other types of animals. This struggle for54 is not similar to human war, but is like the competition of55 for jobs, markets, and materials. The most important quality of this struggle is the competition for the necessities of life that are not enough to satisfy all.

用傳統(tǒng)的邊翻譯、邊看每一個(gè)選項(xiàng)的辨析方法的結(jié)果是：第一組選項(xiàng)就遇到了瓶頸。基礎(chǔ)不好的學(xué)生直接選擇了answering，基礎(chǔ)好的學(xué)生就會(huì)糾結(jié)于answering，considering這兩個(gè)答案究竟選什么？在一次實(shí)際調(diào)查分析中，我發(fā)現(xiàn)用此篇完形考察經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的老師，調(diào)查結(jié)果是：百分之70 的老師也糾結(jié)了！老師都糾結(jié)了，學(xué)生怎么辦？老師們解析時(shí)候看著答案，結(jié)果類似的糾結(jié)還體現(xiàn)在38，39，40,41,43,44,45,46,47,49,54，老師們爭(zhēng)論不休，無(wú)法合理解釋答案的準(zhǔn)確得出，那讓我們學(xué)生怎么辦？很明顯被廣泛使用的傳統(tǒng)完形解析方法，在高考真題面前體無(wú)完膚，一敗涂地。

那么完形填空的解析創(chuàng)新妙招如何準(zhǔn)確處理這樣的高考真題，力圖得到高分，滿分呢？

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完形填空解析順口溜72字妙招

瀏覽統(tǒng)屬，主旨清楚；選項(xiàng)不矚，內(nèi)在聯(lián)鋪；上下百度，邏輯上浮；瞻前后顧，邏法審度；生詞重復(fù)，構(gòu)詞歸屬；合理得出，前后圍堵；答案自出，避實(shí)就熟；跳空填補(bǔ)，審核為主；通盤順路，查缺漏堵!

一. 瀏覽統(tǒng)屬， 主旨清楚

我們有句俗語(yǔ)是“只見樹木，不見森林”這也是我們做完型填空是很容易犯的錯(cuò)誤。 眾所周知，完型填空是一篇內(nèi)容完整，情感飽滿，邏輯順暢，上下貫通，渾然一體的文章，因此，當(dāng)我們拿到一篇完型閱讀時(shí)，必須先要通讀全文，不要著急看選項(xiàng)。不僅要從內(nèi)容上大概了解文章所云何事，也要從整體上把握文章所要表達(dá)的情感態(tài)度和觀點(diǎn)，更要從結(jié)構(gòu)上剖析并搞清楚文章上下文之間的整體 的邏輯關(guān)系，這樣就可以從戰(zhàn)略高度俯視全篇，做到心中有數(shù)（術(shù)），從容應(yīng)對(duì)。也就是說，我們一定要先做到“心有全局，抓住中心思想，只見森林”，不看孤立樹木。例如高考上述真題，瀏覽統(tǒng)屬，主旨清楚，開篇主旨：The question of whether war is inevitable is one which has concerned many of the world’s great writers.

完形填空是一篇完整的閱讀文章，當(dāng)然符合閱讀文章的主旨浮現(xiàn)的五大規(guī)律：總分總，分總分，分分總，總分分，分分分。其中總就是中心思想。除了分分分，是簡(jiǎn)單的閱讀，其他四種我們分析發(fā)現(xiàn)：中心思想的找尋我們基本鎖定文章的首尾開頭。因此分析這篇真題完形，我們不難看出中心思想就在開頭這句話。結(jié)尾段落進(jìn)一步解釋升華開頭的這句中心思想。屬于總分總的閱讀文章規(guī)律。把握了中心思想，一切分析就有了水到渠成，準(zhǔn)確而順暢的思路（瀏覽統(tǒng)屬， 主旨清楚）。

二. 選項(xiàng)不矚，內(nèi)在聯(lián)鋪

語(yǔ)篇當(dāng)然指整篇文章的完整性。切忌上來就一句一句的讀文章，一空一空的看選項(xiàng)，這是做完型之大忌。記住一定要通讀全文（先究森林，后研樹木）！進(jìn)行完第一個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)之后，我們對(duì)文章的整體內(nèi)容，所表達(dá)的觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度和邏輯關(guān)系就有了一個(gè)整體的掌握和把控，這就是所說的語(yǔ)篇閱讀。接下來就是句，句是指橫線所在的完整句子。在胸有全局即掌握了文章整體語(yǔ)境和邏輯關(guān)系的前提下，仔細(xì)閱讀選項(xiàng)所在的完整的句子（這也是一個(gè)微語(yǔ)境），對(duì)句意有一個(gè)完整的理解后，再去看選項(xiàng)所在的那一行，（再見樹木），這樣經(jīng)過由大到小、由外到內(nèi)，有宏觀到微觀的綜合考量之后才可能做出一個(gè)正確的選擇。

例如：

Before 36 this question, it will be useful to introduce some 37 concepts.Conflict,38 as opposition among social units or individuals directed against one another, is 39 fromcompetition, which 40 oppositionamong social units 41 seeking to obtain something which is 42 inadequate supply. Competitors may not know about one another, while those who 43 in a conflict do. Conflict and competition are both 44 of opposition.

即使我們不看選項(xiàng)（選項(xiàng)不矚），我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，通過句與句的內(nèi)在邏輯聯(lián)系，這一段是在給我們介紹三個(gè)概念Conflict，competition,competition之間的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系，即：opposition=Conflict+competition*具體方法：在研讀句與句的內(nèi)在聯(lián)鋪（句與句內(nèi)在邏輯聯(lián)系鋪開思索，）注意前后呼應(yīng)，語(yǔ)意關(guān)聯(lián)！那么，我們就理出來一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的邏輯分析常識(shí)：解決問題的基本是：假如一個(gè)問題是用一個(gè)文段表述：該文段包括句子，句子由概念組成。就是集合問題等于子集句子，元素概念的整合。我們應(yīng)該遵循：在研究弄明白問題之前，先搞清問題中的元素--概念！然后根據(jù)理解了問題的元素概念后，在理解問題子集句子，理解句子之后，再總體掌握文段問題的主旨，最后再解決回答集合問題。----這就是解決問題的邏輯常識(shí)思路。所以我們應(yīng)該先看37后面的意思是：介紹三個(gè)概念，當(dāng)然就應(yīng)該是在考慮研究問題之前，我們先看看概念這樣一個(gè)邏輯思路！因此37不用先看選項(xiàng)也能得出選considering，不是選answering這一個(gè)常識(shí)性錯(cuò)誤。

三. 上下百度，邏輯上浮

由于完型填空文章的內(nèi)容和邏輯的連貫性和完整性，經(jīng)常會(huì)出現(xiàn)上下文詞匯之間的語(yǔ)意關(guān)聯(lián)。即上文中有些不能確定的選項(xiàng)可能會(huì)在下文中出現(xiàn)，或下文中不能確定的選項(xiàng)在上文中已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)過。在我們平時(shí)的完型練習(xí)中這種出題方式并不少見。有的可能是原詞再現(xiàn)，有的可能是同詞根的詞出現(xiàn)，還有可能出現(xiàn)的是同義詞，近義詞。不管什么以形式出現(xiàn)，這往往就是我們要的答案。只要我們能夠上下百度，邏輯上浮，細(xì)心應(yīng)對(duì)，就一定會(huì)找到正確答案的。

例如：

Conflict,38 as opposition among social units or individuals directed against one another, is 39 from competition, which 40 opposition among social units 41 seeking to obtain something which is 42 inadequate supply.

既然我們已經(jīng)知道這一段是講概念的解釋：那么我們通過上下百度句子，注意不要看選項(xiàng)，以免掉入出題人設(shè)下的陷阱。我們發(fā)現(xiàn)：這里說的是沖突，是一種在社會(huì)團(tuán)體或者個(gè)體之間被引導(dǎo)著彼此反對(duì)的對(duì)抗！然而競(jìng)爭(zhēng)是社會(huì)團(tuán)體尋求戰(zhàn)友匱乏供給的另一種對(duì)抗。通過上下百度句與句內(nèi)在關(guān)系，我們不能看出其中的邏輯關(guān)系開始明朗，意思開始清晰出水，真相上浮。不難看出考察39,40的兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該是下定義的意思。這個(gè)時(shí)候就是你看選項(xiàng)的時(shí)候，直接去找下定義的動(dòng)詞含義，不難得出正確答案就是：39defined（下定義）40means（意思是），這樣的選項(xiàng)不僅準(zhǔn)確，也繞開了出題人的陷阱，節(jié)省了不必要的時(shí)間浪費(fèi)，達(dá)到脫穎而出，秒殺答案的奇妙效果。

四. 瞻前后顧，邏、法審度

Conflict,38 as opposition among social units or individuals directed against one another, is 39 from competition, which 40 opposition among social units 41 seeking to obtain something which is 42 inadequate supply.

既然我們已經(jīng)清楚了38,40的答案，了解了沖突，競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的概念，當(dāng)然就可以通過瞻前后顧，邏（輯）、（語(yǔ)）法審度得出39 肯定是兩個(gè)概念不一樣的意思，選出distinguished不就呼之欲出了么，42 根據(jù)詞法短語(yǔ)in…supply，選出in很容易。再瞻前后顧，根據(jù)邏輯常識(shí)推理，既然社會(huì)供給匱乏，大家競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的目的不是共享，而是獨(dú)自占有,才是競(jìng)爭(zhēng)啊！所以41不就是independently么？

五. 生詞重復(fù)，構(gòu)詞歸屬

inadequate supply. Competitors may not know about one another, while those who 43 in a conflict do. Conflict and competition are both 44 of opposition.生詞出現(xiàn)有時(shí)候不一定可怕，生詞也許就是構(gòu)詞法（派生=前綴+后綴；合成，拼綴，轉(zhuǎn)化，）的規(guī)律重組，例如學(xué)生不認(rèn)識(shí)inadequate,但是這是構(gòu)詞法中派生用法的前綴法構(gòu)詞in+aduquate，in是反義詞，知道adequate充足的當(dāng)然就知道inadequate是不充足；匱乏的。同理，知道了oppose動(dòng)詞反對(duì)對(duì)抗，當(dāng)然知道生詞opposition是名詞反對(duì)，對(duì)抗。佟麗麗，知道了compete動(dòng)詞競(jìng)爭(zhēng),當(dāng)然它的后綴法規(guī)律competition, competitors不是生詞，即使忘記了，也能推理出來一個(gè)是競(jìng)爭(zhēng)名詞，一個(gè)是競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者。其他生詞理解也可以照單抓藥。

六. 合理得出，前后圍堵；答案自出，避實(shí)就熟

Conflict,38 as opposition among social units or individuals directed against one another, is 39 from competition, which 40 opposition among social units 41 seeking to obtain something which is 42 inadequate supply. 在分析這段文段時(shí)候，我們的妙招思路就是先利用邏輯，語(yǔ)法，詞法，語(yǔ)篇分析，合理得出38,40,42，最后前后圍堵41，利用軍事常識(shí)：圍點(diǎn)打援的方法，即：先避實(shí)就熟（38,40,2）孤立了難點(diǎn)41，最后根據(jù)所有已知的意思，推理未知41，區(qū)別的distinguished這個(gè)答案不也就水落石出，答案自出了么？

七. 跳空填補(bǔ)，審核為主；通盤順路，查缺漏堵!

例如：

The meaning of opposition has been stated as a process by which social units function in the disservice of one another, opposition is 45 contrasted to cooperation, a 46 by which social units function in the service of one another.

45空，可以跳空，先看46,46與前面的a process by which social units function in the disservice of one another 幾乎結(jié)構(gòu)一樣，屬于寫作五大黃金滿分修辭里面的parallel(平行結(jié)構(gòu))，46答案是process，再根據(jù)上下百度，前段的沖突conflict，與競(jìng)爭(zhēng)competition的本質(zhì)區(qū)別描述，以及文章上文概念區(qū)別描述的審核，還有語(yǔ)法邏輯關(guān)系，得出了：45空就是：因此，對(duì)抗中，競(jìng)爭(zhēng)與沖突是矛盾的對(duì)立統(tǒng)一，當(dāng)然45答案就是thus這一結(jié)論。